
Missouri's air sustains us in everything we do. Whether working
in a garden, waiting for a bus or hitting home runs, clean air provides us
life energy. Missouri's air quality has steadily improved during the last
decade. Today more than 65 percent of the population lives where the air quality
meets government standards. To continue this positive trend, Missouri will
have to balance environmental quality with the other needs of industry and
Missouri's citizens. The Department of Natural Resources seeks to work together
with everyone who has a stake in improving our air quality.
Air quality and emissions data provide a foundation for
MoDNR's air-quality efforts. Standards for the various contaminants, such
as ozone, delineate limits for each chemical so that human health is not adversely
affected. If concentrations in the air are above that limit, the standard
is not met. Whether we attain the limits or standards is the final measure
of whether strategies for improving Missouri's air work.
Trends in air quality
Overall air-quality trends for carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, nitric oxide
and particulate matter have improved. Due to the data from air-quality monitors
in the St. Louis area, Missouri requested and received approval from EPA to
classify the St. Louis area as meeting air-quality standards for carbon monoxide.
However, more work is needed to reduce levels of ozone and lead. The majority
of Missouri's population lives in the St. Louis and Kansas City metropolitan
areas where ozone concentrations remain a concern, especially during hot summer
months. Lead concentrations remain a concern, particularly in the areas surrounding
lead smelters.
The Department of Natural Resources prepared a plan to reverse
the trend of ozone exceedances for the St. Louis area. The plan included several
strategies that together should decrease ozone levels. Those strategies include
a vehicle-emissions inspection and maintenance program and recovery of gasoline
vapors at the fuel pumps. In the Kansas City area, the department is working
with leaders from industry, environmental organizations and local government
to develop strategies to improve air quality.
Lead can cause damage to the brain and nervous system. An
area in southeast Missouri still exceeds federal health standards for airborne
lead. Strategies to decrease the levels of lead in the air have been developed.
Although air quality, specifically for lead, has improved in recent years,
the area continues to show violations of the standards for lead. MoDNR is
investigating the contribution to the airborne lead level by individual sources
to better understand the cause of the violations. More effective strategies
can then be put in place to reduce the levels of lead.
Air quality has two aspects: what components make up our
air, and what it looks like, or the visibility. Work has begun to develop
a monitoring network for visibility. From the data gathered, a plan will be
developed to address deficiencies by 2006. Visibility will then join the other
indicators of air quality for Missouri.
Air quality and global climate change
Many atmospheric scientists and climatologists are concerned that human activities
increase concentrations of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere. This could alter global climate, affecting forests, fisheries,
coastal zones, agriculture, water resources, energy demand and supply, air
quality and human health.
Fossil fuel use is the source of most of Missouri's greenhouse-gas
emissions. Fossil fuels include coal, oil and oil-derived fuels such as gasoline.
Greenhouse gas emissions from fossil-fuel use increased about 20 percent between
1990 and 1996. If trends continue as usual, emissions from this source are
likely to increase by about 43 percent, from 1990 levels, through the year
2015. Most of the projected increases come from two sources: use of coal to
generate electricity, and use of gasoline and other fuels for transportation.
Use of transportation fuels accounts for about 80 percent of carbon dioxide
emissions from fossil fuels in Missouri.
MoDNR is reviewing possible actions that could reduce Missouri's
greenhouse gas emissions while providing economic and environmental benefits
to the state. Similar reviews are taking place in many other states including
several of our neighbors. Currently, our efforts focus on education, advocacy
for environmentally sound practices that provide for economic progress and
promotion of fuels that are alternatives to fossil fuels, such as solar power.
Protect and enhance the quality of Missouri's air resources

Improved
air quality in Missouri (Show-Me Result)
Outcome Measures
- Percent of Missourians living where air meets federal ozone, lead
and carbon monoxide standards
- Number of ozone exceedances in St. Louis and Kansas City
- Tons of emissions of nitric oxides, carbon monoxide and volatile
organic compounds in St. Louis and Kansas City
- Percentage of sources determined to be in compliance with federal
standards for air toxics.




Objective 1
Regulate emissions and reduce the measured concentrations of air pollutants
to eliminate exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality
Standards as follows:
- Reduce volatile organic compound emissions in the St. Louis nonattainment
area by 15 percent from 284.03 tons per ozone season day (1996 level)
to 241.24 tons per ozone season day by 2003.
- Reduce estimated statewide nitric oxide emissions from electric
generating units with a capacity of greater than 25 megawatts from
550.06 tons per ozone season day to 332.7 tons per ozone season day
by 2003.
- Decrease violations of the one-hour ozone standard in the St. Louis
nonattainment area from one site (1999) to zero by 2003.
- Reduce volatile organic compound emissions in the Kansas City nonattainment
area from 279.2 tons per ozone season day (2000 level) to 270.7 tons
per ozone season day by 2003 (these figures include Kansas' portion
of the nonattainment area). Maintain no violations of the one-hour
ozone standard in the Kansas City nonattainment area.
- Reduce lead emissions in the Herculaneum nonattainment area and
achieve the lead standard by 2002. *
* The magnitude of emission reductions necessary to achieve
the standard is to be determined as part of a modeling effort,
which will be completed by October 2000.
Objective Measures
- Volatile organic compound emissions in St. Louis and Kansas City
- Statewide nitric oxide emissions from electric generating units
with capacities greater than 25 megawatts
- Number of sites with one-hour ozone violations in St. Louis and
Kansas City
- Number of lead violations in Herculaneum
Strategies
- Conduct annual emissions inventory. Perform emissions verification,
emissions inventory questionnaire audits, training and assistance.
- Issue construction permits and federally enforceable state operating
permits in accordance with the state and federal law.
- Implement a viable Clean Air Act compliance assurance and enforcement
program including inspections, complaint resolution and timely and
appropriate enforcement actions.
- Provide construction permit and operating permit training and application
assistance, especially for small businesses.
- Continue implementation of the Enhanced Inspection and Maintenance
Program and the Reformulated Gasoline Program in the St. Louis area.
- Fulfill the Clean Air Act requirements in the Kansas City area by
reducing volatile organic compound emissions as required by the Kansas
City Maintenance Plan.
- Revise St. Louis State Implementation Plan to reduce the emissions
of volatile organic compounds by an additional 9 percent, if St. Louis
is reclassified as a serious nonattainment area.
- Implement regulations to control nitric oxide emissions from electric
generating units with capacities greater than 25 megawatts, including
an emissions banking and trading program.
- Develop and use State Implementation Plans for lead facilities with
compliance schedules and contingency measures.
- Continue to conduct ambient air-monitoring programs in the nonattainment
areas.
- Increase the number of consultations with industry regarding the
economic benefit of practices that reduce air pollution.
- Assess new federal air quality standards as they are promulgated
and implemented, particularly the fine particle and the eight-hour
ozone standards.
- Continue financial and technical support and guidance for local
air agencies (St. Louis, St. Louis County, Kansas City and Springfield).
- Promote the use of Environmental Management Systems to improve environmental
performance by the regulated community.
Objective 2
Maintain air quality so that monitors continue to show no violations
of the current National Ambient Air Quality Standards for criteria
pollutants in areas outside the current nonattainment areas
(attainment areas).
Objective Measure
Number of National Ambient Air Quality Standards violations
in nonattainment areas
Strategies
- Conduct annual emissions inventory surveys. Perform emissions verification,
emissions inventory questionnaire audits and provide training and
assistance.
- Issue construction permits and federally enforceable state operating
permits in accordance with the state and federal law.
- Implement a viable Clean Air Act compliance assurance and enforcement
program including inspections, complaint resolution and timely and
appropriate enforcement actions.
- Provide construction permit and operating permit training and application
assistance, especially for small businesses.
- Expand and operate an ambient air monitoring network to provide
air-quality monitoring at sites throughout the state.
- Complete development and implement lead maintenance plan for the
Doe Run Bixby nonattainment area.
- Increase the number of consultations with industry regarding the
economic benefit of practices that reduce air pollution.
- Promote the use of Environmental Management Systems to improve environmental
performance by the regulated community.
Objective 3
Maintain regulation of hazardous air pollutant emissions as
follows:
- Maintain identification of 100 percent of all new subject hazardous
air pollutant sources during the permit application process to assure
that concentrations will not exceed acceptable ambient levels.
- Install and operate one "Clean Air Project" monitor to
collect speciated Hazardous Air Pollutant data by 2001.
Objective Measures
- Percent of subject hazardous air pollutant applications reviewed
for acceptable ambient levels
- Number of "Clean Air Project" monitors
- Number of Maximum Achievable Control Technology sources determined
to be in compliance
Strategies
- Propose adoption by reference all newly promulgated federal National
Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants, Maximum Achievable
Control Technology and New Source Performance Standards regulations
within 24 months of promulgation.
- Continue to implement the federal asbestos program that was adopted
on Nov. 1, 1999.
- Issue construction and federally enforceable state operating permits
in accordance with the Missouri Air Law.
- Implement the federal Maximum Achievable Control Technology Standards
and review, all major sources of toxic emissions.
- Annually adopt by reference federal Maximum Achievable Control Technology
standards into the Code of State Regulations to allow Missouri to
enforce them under our EPA delegation agreement.
- Implement a viable Clean Air Act compliance assurance and enforcement
program including inspections, complaint resolution and timely and
appropriate enforcement actions.
- Provide construction permit and operating permit training and application
assistance, especially for small businesses.
- Expand and operate a hazardous-air-pollutants-monitoring network
to provide air-quality data at sites throughout the state. Collect
two full years of monitoring data by the end of 2005.
- Promote the use of Environmental Management Systems to improve environmental
performance by the regulated community.

Protection
of the state's pristine air quality areas
Outcome Measure
Visibility measurements at Hercules Glade and Mingo National
Wildlife Refuge*
* This data is not yet collected. The objective below focuses
on establishing the monitoring system needed to collect this
data.
Objective 1
Establish a visibility monitoring network by 2001 and develop
a Regional Haze State Implementation Plan by 2006 as required
by federal regulations.
Objective Measure
Visibility monitoring network and state implementation plan
*
* In accordance with the federal regulation, the emission
reductions necessary for reasonable progress will be determined
after a minimum of three years worth of data are collected.
Strategies
- Analyze speciation data and determine visibility impairment culpability
using computer modeling and data analysis.
- Establish reasonable progress goals for each of the Class I areas
to improve visibility on the haziest days and to ensure that no degradation
occurs on the clearest days.
- Make reasonable progress to reduce emissions of air pollutants that
contribute to regional haze by 2008.
- Issue preconstruction permits under New Source Review and Prevention
of Significant Deterioration programs.
- Work with other states to determine if out-state sources are contributing
to visibility impairment in Missouri's Class I areas, and to determine
if sources in Missouri are contributing to impairment in other states.
- Develop a regional haze plan in accordance with federal regulations
that reduces culpable emissions and improves visibility.
- By 2060, eliminate manmade contributions to visibility impairment
in Hercules Glade and Mingo National Wildlife Refuge according to
federal regulations.

Reduction
in Missouri's contribution to global climate change
Outcome Measure
Missouri's carbon dioxide emissions
Objective 1
Decrease carbon dioxide emissions from energy use by state
government, schools and local government as follows:
- Reduce carbon dioxide emissions from state government facilities
and fleet operations by 10,000 tons per year compared to emissions
that would otherwise occur by 2005.
- Reduce carbon dioxide emissions from local government and school
buildings by 35,000 tons per year compared to emissions that would
otherwise occur by 2005.
- Reduce carbon dioxide emissions from low-income residential consumers
by 7,000 tons per year by 2005 compared to emissions that would otherwise
occur.
Objective Measure
Carbon dioxide emissions reductions

Strategies
- Promote energy efficiency measures and displacement in the use of
fossil fuels.
- Analyze and report energy-related and greenhouse gas emissions,
trends and projections data for general public and decision makers
as part of Energy and Environmental Indicators report.
- Disseminate best available state, regional and national data and
climate protection information, including data from MoDNR's 1995 Greenhouse
Gas Source Inventory, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Trends Report,
Report of Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Options and
Greenhouse Gas Fact Sheets.
- Provide technical assistance to facilitate policy actions that can
benefit state economy and environment to resolve long-term problem
of global climate changes.
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